In the process of early development and later performance improvement of high reliability bearings for railway trains, it is very important to fully grasp the actual usage conditions and restore them to the maximum extent in evaluation experiments. Ensuring the stability and riding comfort of railway vehicles is an important mission of railway bearings. According to the railway gauge, wheel diameter, and axle load, the wheel set can have different configurations and designs. As all these systems are crucial for the performance and reliability of railway vehicles, careful consideration should be given when selecting bearing solutions. The drive system used for railway trains, such as gearboxes or traction motors, must have the characteristics of strong power, sustainability, high cost-effectiveness, and low maintenance requirements. Due to the increasing maintenance intervals and weight of railway vehicles, these requirements are becoming increasingly important.